Comparison of diet therapies for epilepsy
Data compiled 7/2012
| Questions | Ketogenic | MCT Oil | Low Glycemic Index Treatment | Modified Atkins |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is medical supervision required? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Is diet high in fat? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Is diet low in carbohydrate? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| What is the ratio of fat to carbohydrate & protein? | 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1 | Approximately 1:1 | Approximately 1:1 | Approximately 1:1 |
| How much carbohydrate is allowed on a 1000 Calorie diet? | 8gm carb on a 4:1 16gm carb on a 3:1 30gm carb on a 2:1 40-60gm carb on a 1:1 |
40-60gm | 40-60gm | 10gm for 1 month 20gm afterwards |
| How are foods measured? | Weighed | Weighed or measured | Measured or estimated | Estimated |
| Are meal plans used? | Yes | Yes | Yes | optional |
| Where is the diet started? | Hospital | Hospital | Home | Home |
| Are calories controlled? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Are vitamin and mineral supplements required? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Are liquids (fluids) restricted? | No | No | No | No |
| Is a pre-diet laboratory evaluation required? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Can there be side-effects? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| What is the overall difference in design of these diets? | This is an individualized and structured diet that provides specific meal plans. Foods are weighed and meals should be consumed in their entirety for best results. The ratio of this diet can be adjusted to effect better seizure-control and also liberalized for better tolerance. This diet is also considered a low glycemic therapy and results in steady glucose levels. | An individualized and structured diet containing Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) which are highly ketogenic. This allows more carbohydrate and protein than the classic ketogenic diet. A 2008 study showed that both diets are equal in eliminating seizures. A source of essential fatty acids must be included with this diet. | This is individualized but less structured diet than the ketogenic diet. It uses exchange lists for planning meal and emphasizes complex carbohydrates. The balance of low glycemic carbohydrates in combination with fat result in steady glucose levels. It is Not intended to promote ketosis. | This diet focuses on limiting the amount of carbohydrate while encouraging fat. Carbohydrate may be consumed at any time during the day as long as it is within limits and should be consumed with fat. Suggested meal plans are used as a guide. Protein is Not limited but too much is discouraged. |
